These are the courses you can unlock to play in quick round mode.

Course	How to unlock
Bowser's Castle	Collect 35 Star Coins in Challenge Mode.
Cheep Cheep Lagoon	Collect 21 Star Coins in Challenge Mode.
DK Jungle	Collect 28 Star Coins in Challenge Mode.
Mountain Course	Get 1st place in the Seaside Course Championship in Castle Club.
Seaside Course	Get 1st place in the Forest Course Championship in Castle Club.
Sky Island Course	Complete the One-on One-Putt challenge in Castle Club.
Wiggler Park	Get 14 Star Coins in Challenge Mode.
Yoshi Lake	Get 7 Star Coins in Challenge Mode.